Does exercise really extend life? Twin study offers new insights
Physical activity has long been touted as a way to extend human lifespan, but a recent study from the University of Jyväskylä in Finland has shed new light on the subject. The study, which focused on 22,750 Finnish twins born before 1958, aimed to investigate the relationship between long-term leisure-time physical activity and mortality, as well as whether physical activity can mitigate the increased risk of mortality due to genetic predisposition to diseases. Additionally, the researchers looked at the link between physical activity and biological aging.
The results of the study, published in the journals “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” and “European Journal of Epidemiology,” revealed some intriguing findings. Four distinct sub-groups based on leisure-time physical activity levels were identified: sedentary, moderately active, active, and highly active. The study found that the greatest benefit in terms of longevity—a 7% lower risk of mortality—was observed between the sedentary and moderately active groups. Surprisingly, a higher level of physical activity did not provide any additional benefit.
Furthermore, the researchers found that meeting the World Health Organization’s physical activity guidelines (150 to 300 minutes of moderate or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous activity weekly) did not guarantee a lower mortality risk or reduce genetic disease risk. Even twins who met these guidelines over a 15-year period did not show a statistically significant difference in mortality rates compared to their less active counterparts.
In terms of biological aging, the study revealed a U-shaped relationship between physical activity and aging. Biological aging was found to be accelerated in individuals who exercised the least and the most. Interestingly, other lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption played a significant role in the association between physical activity and biological aging.
The researchers also delved into genetic aspects by assessing the genetic susceptibility of twins to cardiovascular diseases and mortality. They found that genetic predisposition, combined with lifestyle factors, had a significant impact on health outcomes.
Overall, the study highlights the complexity of the relationship between physical activity, genetics, and longevity. It challenges the notion that simply meeting physical activity guidelines is enough to ensure a longer, healthier life. The findings underscore the importance of considering various factors, including genetics and lifestyle choices, when evaluating the impact of physical activity on health outcomes.
The research was conducted in collaboration with the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and the Methodology Center for Human Sciences at the University of Jyväskylä, as well as the Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Helsinki. The study was led by Associate Professor Elina Sillanpää, with doctoral researchers Laura Joensuu and Anna Kankaanpää as the first authors of the studies.
In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between physical activity, genetics, and longevity. It emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to health that takes into account individual differences and lifestyle factors. By understanding these nuances, we can better tailor health recommendations to promote overall well-being and longevity.
