Weight loss protects—even when weight is regained

The University of Gothenburg conducted a study that revealed some interesting findings about the relationship between weight loss and health. The study focused on individuals who had undergone weight-loss surgery and later regained some of the weight they had lost. The results showed that even for those who regained weight, there was still some protection against ill health compared to those who did not undergo weight loss.

The research, published in The Lancet Regional Health—Europe, looked at various health outcomes, including mortality, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and microvascular disease. The study included 1,346 participants from the SOS (Swedish Obese Subjects) study, which is known to be the most comprehensive study of the long-term effects of bariatric surgery.

After one year post-surgery, participants had lost an average of 30 kilograms. Four years later, over half of them had regained at least 20% of the weight lost during the first year. The researchers compared two groups: one that had regained weight and one that had maintained their lower weight or gained only a little. Interestingly, there were no differences in cancer risk and life expectancy between the two groups. However, those who regained weight were at a higher risk of microvascular disease, with a higher incidence rate compared to the group that maintained their lower weight.

The study also found a similar pattern for cardiovascular diseases, with those who had regained a significant amount of weight having a higher incidence rate compared to those who had maintained a lower weight. Despite these findings, lead researcher Kajsa Sjöholm emphasized that even those who regained some weight experienced long-lasting positive effects with the same life expectancy as those who maintained their lower weight.

Sjöholm highlighted the importance of providing effective support to prevent significant weight gain, as weight regain can worsen risk factors for cardiovascular disease. She also mentioned other challenges associated with weight regain, such as hip and knee pain and the stigma linked to obesity.

Overall, the study sheds light on the complex relationship between weight loss, weight regain, and long-term health outcomes. The findings emphasize the importance of continued support for individuals who have undergone weight-loss surgery to maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of various health complications.